L'INNOVATION INSTITUTIONNELLE DIX ANS PLUS TARD : QUELLES OPPORTUNITES POUR LES AGRICULTEURS, ET QUELS APPRENTISSAGES POUR LES POUVOIRS PUBLICS ? LE CAS DES ASSOCIATIONS D'IRRIGANTS AU NORD DU MAROC
Résumé
Morocco has attempted from the 1990s onwards to move towards Participative Management of Irrigation (PMI), promoting the involvement and empowerment of users in water management. This policy shift has led to the introduction of an institutional innovation: the Water Users Associations (WUA). This innovation is important in both the organizational and social change of the local population. The aim of this paper is to analyze how an institutional innovation initiated by public policy, has created a new institutional order, new dimensions of local governance, access, and collective organization around a resource that is the irrigation water. The analysis is based on two irrigation schemes. First, the Moyen Sebou scheme was delivered to farmers at the end of the project implementation ants is currently managed by AUEAs. Nevertheless, farmers took over the management of the AUEA and the Moyen Sebou has become a school for learning the model of Participative Management of Irrigation for the different stakeholders (public institutions, farmers, financial backer, and research institutions) for the past 10 years. On the other hand, the recently launched Sahla irrigation scheme was built by the same team that worked on the Moyen Sebou scheme. Being an adaptation of the same model, the Sahla scheme shows appropriation of the PMI model by public institutions.
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