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Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2014

Learning from olive evolution and cultivation to understand the diversity of associated plant-parasitic nematodes communities in Morocco

Résumé

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) significantly contribute to economic losses in the top-ten olive producing countries, especially in the Mediterranean basin. Instead of controlling the main pathogenic nematode species as usual, one innovative strategy to control PPN would be to manage diversity in communities in order to lead them to be less pathogenic. Then, knowing assemblage mechanisms in communities due to evolution and environmental forces is a prerequisite. This study was conducted in Morocco, because (i) information about PPN diversity is lacking, (ii) different forms of olive occur as wild (including two sub species O. europaea subsp. europaea and subsp. Maroccana), feral and typical cropping systems as traditional and high density and as irrigated or not) are present. Morphobiometric observations revealed a very diverse parasite nematofauna (117 species), seven new taxa being recorded for the first time on olive. Tylenchidae, Hoplolaimidae and Telotylenchidae nematodes were dominant (80% of the samples), whereas root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) were detected in 40% of the samples. Multivariate analyzes showed that the development of Heteroderidae and Longidoridae nematodes was favored in PPN communities on wild olive, while lesion (Pratylenchidae) and root-knot nematodes multiply in orchards. Three Meloidogyne species were identified: M. javanica on feral and cultivated olive in southern and center Morocco; M. arenaria and M. hapla on wild olive in the north. Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and Internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS2) genes were good markers for species differentiation, but they were not able to distinguish M. javanica and M. arenaria populations and were not adapted for intraspecific differentiation. However, a significant morphological variability was observed between the Meloidogyne species, and within and between M. javanica populations. The response of the diversity of PPN communities as well as of Meloidogyne populations to olive genotype, geo-climatic zones and soil physico-chemical characteristics, and diversity of plants associated with olive trees is discussed.
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hal-01608030 , version 1 (03-06-2020)

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  • HAL Id : hal-01608030 , version 1
  • PRODINRA : 405456

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Nadine Ali, Elodie Chapuis, Johannes Tavoillot, M. Ait Hamza, A. El Mousadik, et al.. Learning from olive evolution and cultivation to understand the diversity of associated plant-parasitic nematodes communities in Morocco. 5. International Conference Olivebioteq 2014, Nov 2014, Amman, Jordan. ⟨hal-01608030⟩
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