How can grapevine genetics contribute to the adaptation to climate change?
Résumé
Climate change is modifying the environmental conditions in all the vineyards across the world. The expected effects on grape and wine production can be positive in some grape growing regions but under warmer or dryer conditions the volume and quality of the wines produced can be impaired. Adaptation to new climatic conditions include changes in the cultivation areas, changes in the vineyard or cellar practices, or use of new rootstock x scion combinations. In this review, we will provide a quick overview of the possible effects of climate change on grapevine physiology and berry quality and we will describe the more important traits and the genetic variability that can be used in the adaptation process. We will also present the modern techniques that can beused by researchers to identify the links between genomic information and behaviors in the field. Finally, we will discuss on the existing opportunities in the present grapevine collections and on the strategies that can be used by breeders to create new varieties.