Soil Diversity and Hydration as Observed by ChemCam at Gale Crater, Mars
P.-Y. Meslin
(1)
,
O. Gasnault
(1)
,
O. Forni
(1)
,
S. Schröder
(1)
,
A. Cousin
(2)
,
G. Berger
(1)
,
S. M. Clegg
(2)
,
J. Lasue
(1)
,
S. Maurice
(1)
,
V. Sautter
(3)
,
S. Le Mouélic
(4)
,
R. C. Wiens
(2)
,
C. Fabre
(5)
,
W. Goetz
(6)
,
D. Bish
(7)
,
N. Mangold
(4)
,
B. Ehlmann
(8, 9)
,
N. Lanza
(2)
,
A.-M. Harri
(10)
,
R. Anderson
(11)
,
E. Rampe
(12)
,
T. H. Mcconnochie
(13)
,
P. Pinet
(1)
,
D. Blaney
(9)
,
R. Léveillé
(14)
,
D. Archer
(12)
,
B. Barraclough
(15)
,
S. Bender
(15)
,
D. Blake
(16)
,
J. G. Blank
(16)
,
N. Bridges
(17)
,
B. C. Clark
(18)
,
L. Deflores
(9)
,
D. Delapp
(2)
,
G. Dromart
(19)
,
M. D. Dyar
(20)
,
M. Fisk
(21)
,
J. Grotzinger
(8)
,
K. Herkenhoff
(11)
,
J. Johnson
(17)
,
J.-L. Lacour
(22)
,
Y. Langevin
(23)
,
L. Leshin
(24)
,
E. Lewin
(25)
,
M. B. Madsen
(26)
,
N. Melikechi
(27)
,
A. Mezzacappa
(27)
,
M. A. Mischna
(9)
,
J. E. Moores
(28)
,
H. Newsom
(29)
,
A. Ollila
(29)
,
R. Perez
(30)
,
N. Renno
(31)
,
J.-B. Sirven
(22)
,
R. Tokar
(15)
,
M. de La Torre
(8)
,
L. d'Uston
(1)
,
D. Vaniman
(15)
,
A. Yingst
(15)
,
B. Gondet
(23)
1
IRAP -
Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie
2 LANL - Los Alamos National Laboratory
3 IMPMC - Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie
4 LPG - Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112]
5 GeoRessources
6 MPS - Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research
7 Indiana University
8 CALTECH - California Institute of Technology
9 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
10 Earth Observation Research Division [Helsinki]
11 Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff]
12 JSC - NASA Johnson Space Center
13 University of Maryland [College Park]
14 CSA - Canadian Space Agency
15 PSI - Planetary Science Institute [Tucson]
16 ARC - NASA Ames Research Center
17 APL - Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD]
18 SSI - Space Science Institute [Boulder]
19 ENS
20 Mount Holyoke College
21 OSU - Oregon State University
22 SEARS - Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces
23 IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale
24 RPI - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
25 ISTerre - Institut des Sciences de la Terre
26 NBI - Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen]
27 OSCAR - Optical Science Center for Applied Research
28 CRESS - Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto]
29 The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque]
30 CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse]
31 AOSS - Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences [Ann Arbor]
2 LANL - Los Alamos National Laboratory
3 IMPMC - Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie
4 LPG - Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112]
5 GeoRessources
6 MPS - Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research
7 Indiana University
8 CALTECH - California Institute of Technology
9 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
10 Earth Observation Research Division [Helsinki]
11 Astrogeology Science Center [Flagstaff]
12 JSC - NASA Johnson Space Center
13 University of Maryland [College Park]
14 CSA - Canadian Space Agency
15 PSI - Planetary Science Institute [Tucson]
16 ARC - NASA Ames Research Center
17 APL - Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD]
18 SSI - Space Science Institute [Boulder]
19 ENS
20 Mount Holyoke College
21 OSU - Oregon State University
22 SEARS - Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces
23 IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale
24 RPI - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
25 ISTerre - Institut des Sciences de la Terre
26 NBI - Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen]
27 OSCAR - Optical Science Center for Applied Research
28 CRESS - Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto]
29 The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque]
30 CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse]
31 AOSS - Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences [Ann Arbor]
P.-Y. Meslin
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O. Gasnault
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O. Forni
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S. Schröder
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A. Cousin
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V. Sautter
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S. Le Mouélic
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C. Fabre
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N. Mangold
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N. Lanza
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P. Pinet
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J. Johnson
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J.-B. Sirven
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Résumé
The ChemCam instrument, which provides insight into martian soil chemistry at the submillimeter scale, identified two principal soil types along the Curiosity rover traverse: a fine-grained mafic type and a locally derived, coarse-grained felsic type. The mafic soil component is representative of widespread martian soils and is similar in composition to the martian dust. It possesses a ubiquitous hydrogen signature in ChemCam spectra, corresponding to the hydration of the amorphous phases found in the soil by the CheMin instrument. This hydration likely accounts for an important fraction of the global hydration of the surface seen by previous orbital measurements. ChemCam analyses did not reveal any significant exchange of water vapor between the regolith and the atmosphere. These observations provide constraints on the nature of the amorphous phases and their hydration.