Deep-Sea Bioluminescence Blooms after Dense Water Formation at the Ocean Surface
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Christian Tamburini
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 20223
- IdHAL : christiantamburini
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3752-7423
- IdRef : 069965625
Miquel Canals
- Function : Author
Xavier Durrieu de Madron
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 178979
- IdHAL : xavier-durrieu-de-madron
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4543-6903
- IdRef : 073947334
Dominique Lefèvre
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 20042
- IdHAL : dominique-lefevre
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1694-3807
Séverine Martini
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 737054
- IdHAL : severine-martini
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9471-1708
- IdRef : 179422855
Fabrizio d'Ortenzio
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 169942
- IdHAL : fabrizio-dortenzio
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0617-7336
- IdRef : 179752502
Pierre Testor
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 12403
- IdHAL : pierre-testor
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8038-9479
- IdRef : 073310182
Juan Antonio Aguilar
- Function : Author
Imen Al Samarai
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 7760
- IdHAL : imen-al-samarai
- IdRef : 164658653
Michel André
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 177050
- IdHAL : michel-andre
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2214-6716
Marco Anghinolfi
- Function : Author
Gisela Anton
- Function : Author
Shebli Anvar
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 17374
- IdHAL : shebli-anvar
Miguel Ardid
- Function : Author
Ana Carolina Assis Jesus
- Function : Author
Tri L. Astraatmadja
- Function : Author
Simone Biagi
- Function : Author
Armando Bigi
- Function : Author
Ciro Bigongiari
- Function : Author
Claudio Bogazzi
- Function : Author
Manuel Bou-Cabo
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 771795
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0345-2462
Mieke C. Bouwhuis
- Function : Author
Francisco Camarena
- Function : Author
Antonio Capone
- Function : Author
Christina Cârloganu
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 742557
- IdHAL : cristina-carloganu
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4824-8895
- IdRef : 195957024
Giada Carminati
- Function : Author
Stefano Cecchini
- Function : Author
Philippe Charvis
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 753
- IdHAL : philippe-charvis
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4397-7842
- IdRef : 070330409
Tommaso Chiarusi
- Function : Author
Marco Circella
- Function : Author
Rosa Coniglione
- Function : Author
Patrick Decowski
- Function : Author
Anne Deschamps
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 10637
- IdHAL : anne-deschamps
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6209-9814
- IdRef : 068539967
Hasankiadeh Q. Dorosti
- Function : Author
Thomas Eberl
- Function : Author
Umberto Emanuele
- Function : Author
Stéphanie Escoffier
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 179794
- IdHAL : stephanie-escoffier
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2847-7498
- IdRef : 068869215
Paolo Fermani
- Function : Author
Marcelino Ferri
- Function : Author
Vincenzo Flaminio
- Function : Author
Florian Folger
- Function : Author
Ulf Fritsch
- Function : Author
Jean-Luc Fuda
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 20606
- IdHAL : jean-luc-fuda
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5171-1468
- IdRef : 253127343
Pascal Gay
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 829302
Giorgio Giacomelli
- Function : Author
Juan-Pablo Gómez-González
- Function : Author
Kay Graf
- Function : Author
Gregory Hallewell
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 750510
- IdHAL : julien-cogan
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7194-7566
- IdRef : 078779014
Joris Hartman
- Function : Author
Aart J. Heijboer
- Function : Author
Yann Hello
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 752092
- IdHAL : yann-hello
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2131-7299
Juan Jose Hernández-Rey
- Function : Author
Bjoern Herold
- Function : Author
Jurgen Hössl
- Function : Author
Ching-Cheng Hsu
- Function : Author
Marteen de Jong
- Function : Author
Matthias Kadler
- Function : Author
Oleg Kalekin
- Function : Author
Alexander Kappes
- Function : Author
Uli Katz
- Function : Author
Oksana Kavatsyuk
- Function : Author
Paul Kooijman
- Function : Author
Claudio Kopper
- Function : Author
Ingo Kreykenbohm
- Function : Author
Vladimir Kulikovskiy
- Function : Author
Robert Lahmann
- Function : Author
Patrick Lamare
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 771796
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8072-3863
Giuseppina Larosa
- Function : Author
Dario Lattuada
- Function : Author
Gordon Lim
- Function : Author
Domenico Lo Presti
- Function : Author
Herbert Loehner
- Function : Author
Sotiris Loucatos
- Function : Author
Salvatore Mangano
- Function : Author
Annarita Margiotta
- Function : Author
Juan Antonio Martinez-Mora
- Function : Author
Athina Meli
- Function : Author
Teresa Montaruli
- Function : Author
Holger Motz
- Function : Author
Max Neff
- Function : Author
Emma Nuel Nezri
- Function : Author
Dimitris Palioselitis
- Function : Author
Gabriela E. Păvălaş
- Function : Author
Kevin Payet
- Function : Author
Jelena Petrovic
- Function : Author
Vlad Popa
- Function : Author
Eleonora Presani
- Function : Author
Corey Reed
- Function : Author
Giorgio Riccobene
- Function : Author
Carsten Richardt
- Function : Author
Roland Richter
- Function : Author
Kathrin Roensch
- Function : Author
Andrei Rostovtsev
- Function : Author
Joaquin Ruiz-Rivas
- Function : Author
Marius Rujoiu
- Function : Author
Valerio G. Russo
- Function : Author
Francisco Salesa
- Function : Author
Augustin Sánchez-Losa
- Function : Author
Friederike Schöck
- Function : Author
Rezo Shanidze
- Function : Author
Francesco Simeone
- Function : Author
Andreas Spies
- Function : Author
Maurizio Spurio
- Function : Author
Jos J. M. Steijger
- Function : Author
Thierry Stolarczyk
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 170270
- IdHAL : thierry-stolarczyk
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0551-7581
- IdRef : 122893980
Mauro G. F. Taiuti
- Function : Author
Simona Toscano
- Function : Author
Giulia Vannoni
- Function : Author
Guus Wijnker
- Function : Author
Jorn Wilms
- Function : Author
Els de Wolf
- Function : Author
Harold Yepes
- Function : Author
Dmitry Zaborov
- Function : Author
Juan de Dios Zornoza
- Function : Author
Juan Zúñiga
- Function : Author
Abstract
The deep ocean is the largest and least known ecosystem on Earth. It hosts numerous pelagic organisms, most of which are able to emit light. Here we present a unique data set consisting of a 2.5-year long record of light emission by deep-sea pelagic organisms, measured from December 2007 to June 2010 at the ANTARES underwater neutrino telescope in the deep NW Mediterranean Sea, jointly with synchronous hydrological records. This is the longest continuous time-series of deep-sea bioluminescence ever recorded. Our record reveals several weeks long, seasonal bioluminescence blooms with light intensity up to two orders of magnitude higher than background values, which correlate to changes in the properties of deep waters. Such changes are triggered by the winter cooling and evaporation experienced by the upper ocean layer in the Gulf of Lion that leads to the formation and subsequent sinking of dense water through a process known as "open-sea convection". It episodically renews the deep water of the study area and conveys fresh organic matter that fuels the deep ecosystems. Luminous bacteria most likely are the main contributors to the observed deep-sea bioluminescence blooms. Our observations demonstrate a consistent and rapid connection between deep open-sea convection and bathypelagic biological activity, as expressed by bioluminescence. In a setting where dense water formation events are likely to decline under global warming scenarios enhancing ocean stratification, in situ observatories become essential as environmental sentinels for the monitoring and understanding of deep-sea ecosystem shifts.
Origin : Publication funded by an institution
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