X-ray standing waves in a heterostructure: application to a Zn(1−x)Co(x)O epilayer on ZnO(00.-1)–O substrate
Résumé
X-ray standing waves (XSW) in a thin epitaxic film are treated in the framework of the dynamical theory. It is demonstrated that the
fluorescence yield around the main peak of the rocking curve has essentially the same characteristics as
that of the usual XSW on a bulk crystal surface. Thus, XSW provide a direct
method to probe the atom position in a thin ®lm. The method was applied to an
epilayer of the diluted magnetic semiconductor Zn0.94Co0.06O, in order to
determine the Co-atom position. The XSW established that Co atoms occupy
the substitutional Zn site in the ZnO matrix, although their coherent fraction,
which measures the degree of order, is rather low. Moreover, the measurement
of the Zn fluorescence in the film gives approximately the same value for the
coherent fraction of the Zn atoms. Besides, by using the substrate rocking curve,
it is shown that the XSW signal of the Zn atoms in the substrate can be detected
through the film. This interesting approach allows the coherent fraction of an
element of a substrate below an interface to be probed in situ. For the Zn
fluorescence, the coherent fraction is lower near the interface than in the bulk.
These results should relate to strains and defects on both sides of the interface.