Cell viability and shock wave amplitudes in the endothelium of porcine cornea exposed to ultrashort laser pulses

Syed Asad Hussain 1 Carles Milián 2 Caroline Crotti 1 Laura Kowalczuk 1 Fatima Alahyane 1 Zacaria Essaïdi 1 Arnaud Couairon 2 Marie-Claire Schanne-Klein 3 Karsten Plamann 1
1 LOA - Laboratoire d'optique appliquée
2 CPHT - Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau]
3 LOB - Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences
Abstract : Purpose Some forms of keratoplasty assisted by ultrashort-pulse lasers require performing laser cuts close to the endothelium, which requires the knowledge of "safe" values concerning incision depth and pulse energy preserving endothelial cell viability. Our study aims to determine the thresholds for cell death in porcine corneas exposed to ultrashort laser pulses, in terms of laser pulse energy and nearness of the impacts to the endothelium. Methods Using a laboratory laser set-up, lamellar cuts were induced while varying pulse energies and distances from the endothelium. A fluorescent staining protocol was used to determine the percentage of surviving endothelial cells. Numerical simulations of the Euler equations for compressible fluids provided pressure level and axial and radial pressure gradient estimates at the endothelium. Results Ninety percent of the endothelial cells survived when using 16.5 mu J pulses no closer than 200 mu m to the endothelium, or pulses not exceeding 2 mu J at a distance of 50 mu m. The comparison of the observed percentage of surviving cells with the estimates of the shock wave amplitudes and gradients generated by the laser pulses yielded cell death thresholds at amplitudes in the megapascal range, or gradients of the order of 10(8) Pa/m. Conclusions Our results provide limits in terms of pulse energy and distance of the incision from the endothelium within which endothelial cell viability is preserved. Current forms of corneal laser surgery are compatible with these limits. However, these limits will need to be considered for the development of future laser routines working in close proximity to the endothelium.
Keywords : Cornea Keratoplasty Cell viability Ultrashort pulse Laser surgery Endothelium
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Journal articles
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https://hal-ensta-paris.archives-ouvertes.fr//hal-01533276
Contributor : Pierre Zaparucha <>
Submitted on : Tuesday, June 6, 2017 - 11:42:49 AM
Last modification on : Wednesday, July 3, 2019 - 10:48:03 AM

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Syed Asad Hussain, Carles Milián, Caroline Crotti, Laura Kowalczuk, Fatima Alahyane, et al.. Cell viability and shock wave amplitudes in the endothelium of porcine cornea exposed to ultrashort laser pulses. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, Springer Verlag, 2017, 255 (5), pp.945 - 953. ⟨10.1007/s00417-017-3583-3⟩. ⟨hal-01533276⟩

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