Evolution of nutrient acquisition: when space matters

Sébastien Barot (1) , Stefan Bornhofen (2, 3) , Simon Boudsocq (4, 5) , Xavier Raynaud (1) , Nicolas Loeuille (1)

1 iEES Paris - Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris
2 QUARTZ - Laboratoire QUARTZ
3 EISTI - Ecole Internationale des Sciences du Traitement de l'Information
4 BIOSOL - Biodiversité et fonctionnement du sol
5 UMR Eco&Sols - Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes

1. Evolution of nutrient acquisition by plants should depend on two forces: local competition is based on the capacity to exploit the local nutrient resource, and regional competition is based on the capacity to occupy the whole landscape through seed production and dispersal. 2. We build a spatially-explicit simulation model where a limiting nutrient is recycled in each local patch of a lattice by individual plants. The model includes both local and regional competition. 3. Heterogeneity in nutrient availability and dispersal limitation mitigate the effect of competition for the local nutrient resource and allow the evolution of lower rates of nutrient uptake. Our spatially explicit model suggests that evolution in richer ecosystems selects “expensive” strategies (high acquisition, low conservation of resources) compared to poor ecosystems. 4. Low rates of nutrient acquisition can be considered as a form of altruism because they leave more resource available for other individuals. Our model thus suggests that the influence of spatial processes on the evolution of altruism is pervasive and is linked to key aspects of ecosystem functioning. 5. Because our model both includes regional and local competition, evolution does not minimize the availability of mineral nutrient, though evolution or species replacement is often thought to minimize the availability of nutrient. Taken together, our work confirms that the interplay between local and regional competition is critical for the evolution of plant nutrient strategies and its effect on ecosystem properties.

Mots clés: nutrient conservation; spatial model; local vs. regional competition; evolution of altruism; spatial heterogeneity; dispersal; eco-evolutionary dynamics

Mots clés: nutrient acquisition; plant traits; nutrient enrichment

Domaines: Biodiversité et Ecologie

Sébastien Barot, Stefan Bornhofen, Simon Boudsocq, Xavier Raynaud, Nicolas Loeuille. Evolution of nutrient acquisition: when space matters. Functional Ecology, 2016, 30 (2), pp.283-294. ⟨10.1111/1365-2435.12494⟩. ⟨hal-02458157⟩