Dust impact on marine biota and atmospheric CO₂ during glacial periods

Laurent Bopp (1) , Karen Kohfeld (1) , Corinne Le Quéré (1) , Olivier Aumont (2)

1 MPI-BGC - Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie
2 LODYC - Laboratoire d'océanographie dynamique et de climatologie

We assess the impact of high dust deposition rates on marine biota and atmospheric CO₂ using a state-ofthe-art ocean biogeochemistry model and observations. Our model includes an explicit representation of two groups of phytoplankton and colimitation by iron, silicate, and phosphate. When high dust deposition rates from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are used as input, our model shows an increase in the relative abundance of diatoms in today's iron-limited regions, causing a global increase in export production by 6% and an atmospheric CO₂ drawdown of 15 ppm. When the combined effects of changes in dust, temperature, ice cover, and circulation are included, the model reproduces roughly our reconstruction of regional changes in export production during the LGM based on several paleoceanographic indicators. In particular, the model reproduces the latitudinal dipole in the Southern Ocean, driven in our simulations by the conjunction of dust, sea ice, and circulation changes. In the North Pacific the limited open ocean data suggest that we correctly simulate the eastwest gradient in the open ocean, but more data are needed to confirm this result. From our model-data comparison and from the timing of the dust record at Vostok, we argue that our model estimate of the role of dust is realistic and that the maximum impact of high dust deposition on atmospheric CO₂ must be <30 ppm.

Mots clés: Last Glacial Maximum; pCO2; ocean; biogeochemistry; dust; iron

Domaines: Océan, Atmosphère; Interfaces continentales, environnement

Laurent Bopp, Karen Kohfeld, Corinne Le Quéré, Olivier Aumont. Dust impact on marine biota and atmospheric CO₂ during glacial periods. Paleoceanography, 2003, 18 (2), pp.24. ⟨10.1029/2002PA000810⟩. ⟨hal-03131780⟩